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Great Buildings Online documents a thousand buildings and hundreds of leading architects, with 3D models, photos, drawings, commentaries, bibliographies, web links, and more. building name, architect, or place:   Swiss-based architecture portal Vitruvio holds info on great buildings and famous architects, plus "images, drawings, texts and links of primitive architecture and also of Origine, Pre-Columbian, Greek, Roman, Medieval, Oriental, Renaissance, Baroque, NeoClassical, Contemporary, Future architecture." American Institute of Architects The Mediterranean Images server from the Australian National U. contains around 165,000 images (count them!), or about 48 gigabytes of architecture & art, mainly from the Mediterranean basin area, plus Japan, India & Cambodia, searchable and browsable. The online version of Architectural Record has free content, including departments such as "digital architect", "green architect", and interviews. The National Building Museum site has exhibition excerpts online, Quicktime Virtual Reality images of the Great Hall of the museum itself, articles and images from back issues of 'Blueprints' magazine, links, and more. American Memory from the Library of Congress, features photographs from the Detroit Publishing Company, taken between 1880 and 1920, including 378 photos of buildings, among which are 93 skyscrapers. Architecture in Fine Prints is an online exhibit from Georgetown U. about the art of the architect, recorded in fine prints across generations, with many excellent images. The Lighthouse Directory provides information and links for more than 17,200 of the world's lighthouses. The Chicago Imagebase is "a wide variety of images and other data along with information on how to use this data to study the city" provided by the University of Illinois at Chicago. The images are primarily historical, from before the great fire of 1871 to the present. Oak Park, Illinois is home to 25 Frank Lloyd Wright designed buildings and houses built between 1889 and 1913. In Oak Park Wright developed and perfected his "Prairie Style" architecture, emphasizing interior light and open spaces. Frank Lloyd Wright in Oak Park has photos and descriptions of all 25 structures. More Frank Lloyd Wright resources: All-Wright Site - Wright on the Web The R. Buckminster Fuller Institute has pages on Geodesic Domes and the Dymaxion house. The Environmental Design Library at UC Berkeley links to many architectural resources.

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TIME Magazine, January 24, 1964, p. 46: Onward & Upward     After playing home to a town to a long and ever ascending line of "tallest buildings in the world," Manhattan learned this week that there are not one but two still taller structures in its future. Soon to rise is a twin-towered World Trade Center, each pinnacle 110 stories high, that will make the city's familiar pointy downtown skyline look like a toy village.     Architect of the $350 million center is diminutive Minoru Yamasaki (TIME cover, Jan. 18, 1963), whose concrete Yama-Gothic traceries adorned the U.S. Science Pavilion at the Seattle World's Fair. Chosen by the sponsoring Port of New York Authority over a dozen of the nation's leading architects, Yama said: "The commission represented a once-in-a-lifetime, no, a once-in-two-lifetimes situation. To me the basic problem beyond solving the functional relationships of space is to find a beautiful solution of form and silhoutte which fits well into lower Manhattan."     Banks, Base. The World Trade Center will scrape the sky 1353 ½ ft. above an area where nearly every other building is topped with turret, lantern, and steeple. The question is not whether it should be modern (it has to be) but whether it is the kind of modern that lives with its surroundings. Yamasaki has avoided the acres-of-glass look, had instead invested the two towers with traceries of stainless steel arches in his familiar style, around the base and again just below the gently beveled roof line. Some people may yet feel that it is too stark, and far too big.   World Trade Center     To make nearly 75% of the floor space available for occupancy (in most tower buildings 52% is considered standard), he has divided the towers into three zones, separated at the 41st and 74th floors by "sky lobbies." A visitor who wants, for example, to go to the 90th floor takes an express elevator at a speed of more than 1700 ft. per minute to the 74th floor sky lobby and transfers to a local that originates there. Each zone has banks of local elevators terminating at different levels; in this way the floor space directly above the truncated shafts in each zone is usable.     The Trade Center will have a gross floor area nearly triple that of the Pentagon; the five-storied base for the towers and a roomy plaza cover a 16-acre site that will require the abandonment of several existing streets. Yamasaki has switched from concrete, his favorite medium, to steel because of the sheer height of the towers, and instead of having the weight of the structure carried by the frame and the elevator core, the great steel columns of the exterior walls will support it. The stainless-steel outer ribs are only 22 inches apart, with glass between, giving the effect of a glistening steel unbroken by horizontal window lines; from within, the tenants will look down on the rest of town through glazed bowman's slots.     Babylon, Beaux-Arts. Yamasaki will be faced with a problem that many notable architects come up against nowadays: working "in association with" another firm of building planners on the job. As in the case of the Gropius-Belluschi Pan Am building in Manhattan, the "associates" will be the firm of Emery Roth & Sons, whose glassy budget ziggurats have transformed much of the city into a white-collar Babylon. Whether Yama can maintain his usual no-detail-is-too-small control over the project's construction is a question that bothers many of his fellow architects. Says one: "I don't think he can. It's a tragic mistake."     Even if Yama triumphs, there are other sure losers in the picture. The 33-year-old Empire State Building will no longer be able to call itself (with 102 floors, 124 ft.) the tallest building in the world,* will join such other has-beens as the Singer, the Woolworth and the Chrysler buildings. And one of Manhattan's beaux-arts monuments, the splendid old U.S. Customs House, designed in 1901 by Cass Gilbert, will lose its identity-- and possibly its existence-- as all customs operations are shifted to the World Trade Center. Progress in New York moves onward and 1353 ½ ft. upward. * Though its TV mast will still top the Trade Center by 116 ½ ft.

Eventually the WTC, which was not completed until 1976, got a TV mast as well.
August 1959 interview with Minoru Yamasaki - Yamasaki & Associates ceased operations in January 2010.

  Free Architecture Books (.pdfs)

Lessons for Students in Architecture     Herman Hertzberger 2005 online only Practical Book of Architecture C M Price 1916 Art of Building Percy Leslie Waterhouse 1914 Seven Lamps of Architecture John Ruskin 1907 Elements of Architecture Henry Wotton 1903 Dictionary of Architecture Russell Sturgis 1901 The Poetry of Architecture John Ruskin 1892 Modern Styles of Architecture J Fergusson 1862 Illus. Handbook of Architecture J Fergusson 1855 Modern Builders Guide Minard Lafever 1849 Hints to Young Architects Wightwick 1847 Old New England Doorways Albert G Robinson 1920 The Colonial House Joseph Everett Chandler 1916 Colonial Architecture H C Wise, H F Beidleman 1913 American Renaissance Joy Wheeler Dow 1904 Early Connecticut Houses Isham & Brown 1900 University Prints: European Architecture 1916 Gothic Arch. in France, England & Italy 1915 The Gothic Quest Ralph Adams Cram 1907 European Architecture Russell Sturgis 1896 Gothic Architecture in England Francis Bond 1906 Mansions of England Nash, Holme, Townsend 1906 Evolution of the English House Addy 1905 Renaissance Arch. in England Blomfield 1897 London in the 19th Century pics Shepherd 1827 Arch. Antiquities of Great Britain John Britton 1807     Illustrations of the Public Buildings in London     Augustus Pugin, John Britton, William Henry Leeds Public Buildings in London v1 1838 Public Buildings in London v2 1838 Public Buildings in London supplement 1838 Small French Buildings Lewis Augustus Coffin 1921 Paris, Old & Present Philip Gilbert Hamerton 1885   Renaissance Arch. of Spain A Whittlesey 1920 Gothic Architecture in Spain G E Street 1865 Northern Italian Details Thomas 1916 Lombard Architecture Arthur Kingsley Porter 1917 Italian Villas Edith Wharton 1904 Architecture of the Renaissance in Italy 1901 The Stones of Venice John Ruskin 1896 Florence Augustus John Cuthbert Hare 1887 Corinth Bookidis & Stroud 1997 online only Antiquities of Athens James Stuart 1876 Constantinople v1 Edwin A Grosvenor 1895 Constantinople v2 Edwin A Grosvenor 1895 Islamic Architecture in Cairo     Doris Behrens-Abouseif 1996 online only Cairo, Jerusalem & Damascus Margoliouth 1907 Indian Architecture Ernest Binfield Havell 1913 Indian & Eastern Architecture J Fergusson 1899 Japanese Architecture Ralph Adams Cram 1905 History of Architecture A D F Hamlin 1918 History of Architecture v1 Sturgis, Frothingham 1906 History of Architecture v2 Sturgis, Frothingham 1909 History of Architecture v3 Sturgis, Frothingham 1915 History of Architecture v4 Sturgis, Frothingham 1915 History of Archtectural Develop. F M Simpson 1913 History of Architecture James Fergusson 1885 Ten Books on Architecture Vitruvius Daniel H. Burnham, Architect Charles Moore 1921       Radford's Cyclopedia of Construction:     Carpentry, Building and Architecture Radford's Cyclopedia v1 of 12 1909 Radford's Cyclopedia v2 of 12 1909 Radford's Cyclopedia v3 of 12 1909 Radford's Cyclopedia v4 of 12 1909 Radford's Cyclopedia v5 of 12 1909 Radford's Cyclopedia v6 of 12 1909 Radford's Cyclopedia v7 of 12 1909 Radford's Cyclopedia v8 of 12 1909 Radford's Cyclopedia v9 of 12 1909 Radford's Cyclopedia v10 of 12 1909 Radford's Cyclopedia v11 of 12 1909 Radford's Cyclopedia v12 of 12 1909 Architectural Record v50 Jul-Dec 1921 Architectural Record v51 Jan-Jun 1922 Architectural Record v49 Jan-Jun 1921 Architectural Record v48 Jul-Dec 1920 Architectural Record v47 Jan-Jun 1920 Architectural Record v45 Jan-Jun 1919 Architectural Record v42 Jul-Dec 1917 Architectural Record v43 Jan-Jun 1918 Architectural Record v41 Jan-Jun 1917 Architectural Record v34 Jul-Dec 1913 Architectural Record v31 Jan-Jun 1912 Architectural Record v29 Jan-Jun 1911 Architectural Record v26 Jul-Dec 1909 Architectural Record v24 Jul-Dec 1908 Architectural Record v23 Jan-Jun 1908 Architectural Record v18 Jul-Dec 1905 Architectural Record v17 Jan-Jun 1905 Architectural Record v10 Jul 1900-Jun 1901 Architectural Record v8 Jul 1898-Jun 1899 Architectural Record v6 Jul 1896-Jun 1897 American Architect v93 Jan-Jun 1908 American Architect v107 1915 Online Book Search Engines